- Internet of Things and Fog Computing for Remote Patient Monitoring in Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancer: A Literature Review
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Abstrak
The development of the Internet of Things (IoT) has opened up enormous opportunities for the implementation of Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM) to improve the quality of monitoring patients with chronic diseases, particularly cardiovascular and cancer cases. This literature study aims to analyze the technical design of the IoT-RPM system, network architecture (cloud-fog), cardiovascular service process engineering, and a patient-centered RPM conceptual framework based on five recent scientific articles. The method used is a directed literature review of articles on ESP32-based patient monitoring prototypes and vital sensors, fog-IoT Platforms for RPM, cardiac RPM design through Business Process Re-engineering, general IoT-RPM implementation, and analysis of the RPM concept in cancer patients. The results of the study show that IoT-based monitoring systems are capable of providing real-time monitoring of vital signs and infusion conditions with adequate accuracy and notification times of only a few seconds, thereby potentially reducing delays in clinical action and the workload of nurses. The fog-IoT architecture has been proven to reduce latency and increase throughput compared to a pure cloud architecture, while enabling pre-processing and data filtering close to the source, which is important for large-scale implementation. At the process level, the implementation of RPM and integrated information systems in cardiac services increases service capacity and reduces working time and emergency response time. Conceptual analysis confirms that effective RPM must fulfill the attributes of continuous monitoring, technology integration, multidisciplinary collaboration, accessibility, and patient-centered care. In conclusion, IoT-RPM has great potential to realize more proactive, efficient, and patient-centered healthcare services, but still faces challenges related to richer data integration, security and privacy, infrastructure readiness, and the need for organizational and nursing practice changes.
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Referensi
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